Diversified layout ntawm hnyav industrial khoom

Cov khoom sib txawv yog hais txog kev txhim kho lwm yam khoom lag luam los ntawm kev lag luam thaum tsim cov khoom lag luam, thiab kev siv lub tswv yim ua lag luam sib txawv, txhawm rau txhim kho kev lag luam adaptability los ntawm kev nthuav dav cov khoom lag luam. Nws cov ntaub ntawv tau muab faib ua kab rov tav, ntsug thiab lateral diversification: kab rov tav txuas cov khoom kab nrog kev siv tshuab lossis kev lag luam kev sib txuas, vertically integrating raw cov ntaub ntawv los yog cov khoom tiav lawm chains, thiab tom qab nkag mus rau hauv unrelated teb yuav tsum tau ceev faj layout. Raws li hom kev thov, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua lwm hom kev sib txawv (nrog rau cov neeg siv khoom xav tau kev faib tawm) thiab kev sib txawv sab hauv (suav nrog cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem), uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo kom sib npaug ntawm cov nqi thiab cov txiaj ntsig. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam hnyav muaj peev xwm pom tseeb - taw qhia thiab cov tswv yim- cov yam ntxwv taw qhia, thiab nws thaj chaw faib khoom muaj siab dua li kev lag luam teeb. Nyob rau xyoo 1950 thiab 1970, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim lub chaw lag luam hnyav raws li kev xav tau kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws thiab cov peev txheej hauv thaj av qaum teb sab hnub poob los ntawm kev npaj kev lag luam, uas cuam tshuam txog cov txheej txheem ntawm "peev txheej- tsav + kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws- taw qhia". Lub "T"- zoo li lub hauv paus tsim ua raws ntug dej hiav txwv thiab tus Dej Yangtze tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hnyav niaj hnub, thiab thaj chaw kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis thiab siab - cov chaw ua si thev naus laus zis tau ua kom muaj kev txhim kho hauv cheeb tsam. Kev faib cov dej ntxhia, kev thauj mus los thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw xaiv thiab spatial ua ke ntawm metallurgy, machinery, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam thiab lwm yam departments nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntev . 1953-1970 Inland qaij lub sij hawm: Lub teb chaws concentrated 25.7% ntawm Soviet pab tej yaam num nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb hnub poob los ntawm "Thawj Tsib-Xi kev lag luam tswv yim", thiab Shaan cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hauv xyoo 1957, kev lag luam roj tau nce los ntawm 26.7%, thiab kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg nce 248.1%. Kev hloov qhov chaw nyob rau nruab nrab- xyoo 1970: Cov haujlwm qhia tau hloov mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv. Xyoo 1978, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv hnyav kev lag luam tau nce mus rau 45.8%, tsim Yangtze River Delta petrochemical puag thiab Pearl River Delta machinery manufacturing pawg. Lub xyoo pua 21st dual- lub sijhawm txhim kho axis: Txoj siv sia ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv tsom mus rau cov khoom siv high-end tsim thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, thiab Yangtze River Economic Belt tsim cov metallurgical thiab tsheb lag luam pawg. Hauv 2020, ob lub axes yuav pab txhawb 68% ntawm lub teb chaws hnyav kev lag luam tawm tus nqi.